The injection engine is the most modern gasoline unit today. Compared to its predecessor, the carburetor engine, the injection engine has a number of advantages.
Translated into Russian, "injector" means an injection-based device. That is, the fuel mixture is injected directly into the cylinders. At the same time, at an early stage in the automotive industry, mono injection was used, which implies the presence of one common nozzle for all cylinders. However, later they began to use a distribution system in which each injector injects fuel into its own cylinder. It is this system that is installed on most modern car engines.
How does the injector work
The injection system includes several additional elements, including sensors, a controller, a fuel pump, and a pressure regulator. The controller receives information from numerous sensors that inform the electronics about air flow, crankshaft speed, coolant temperature, car voltage, throttle position and many other important data. Based on the information received, the controller (or ECU - electronic control unit) dispenses the fuel supply and controls other systems, auto devices, ensuring the most optimal engine operation.
The injector operation scheme can be considered in another way: an electric pump pumps fuel, a pressure regulator provides a pressure difference in the injectors and the intake manifold, and the controller, receiving information from sensors, controls the engine systems, incl. fuel supply, ignition distribution.
Pros and cons of the injector
One of the main advantages is the lower fuel consumption in comparison with a carburetor engine due to point injection. Also, precise metering ensures almost complete combustion of fuel in the cylinders, which reduces the toxicity of exhaust gases. As a result of the operation of the injector, the motor operates in the most optimal mode, which increases its power (by about 5-10%) and extends its service life.
Other advantages include easy start-up in winter (no heating required) and quick response to load changes, which improves the dynamic properties of the car. But it was not without its drawbacks: the injector is more expensive than the carburetor system, and its repair is quite complicated and expensive. If the maintenance of the carburetor is often reduced to flushing, purging, then for only one high-quality diagnosis of the injector, special equipment is required, which, given the Russian specifics, is not available in every car service.
