Every self-respecting driver should know how a car works and how an internal combustion engine works. After all, problems with the machine can happen at any time and in any place where there may be no help. In order not to panic in case of force majeure with a car, you need, although in general terms, to know about its structure.
Instructions
Step 1
The main component of an internal combustion engine is the crankshaft, which transfers torque from the engine to the wheels of the car. It rotates by converting the translational motion of the pistons in the cylinder.
We all know the concept of a 4-cylinder engine or a 16-cylinder engine. We do not attach much importance to these terms, but they are very important when describing such power plants. These phrases just describe the number of cylinders attached to the crankshaft. What this design looks like is illustrated in the figure above.
Step 2
You will notice that all engines have cylinders in multiples of four. This is due to the fact that the working cycle of the piston movement takes place in four stages and at each moment of time each of the four cylinders is at its own stage.
Step 3
1. Inlet.
A vacuum is created in front of the piston, into which fuel in a highly atomized form enters through the opening valve under pressure. This is necessary in order for its maximum amount to burn out, which will lead to the maximum release of thermal energy.
Step 4
2. Compression.
As fuel flows in, the piston begins to move upward under the action of inertial forces, which leads to compression of the combustible mixture of gasoline and air. At this point, the engine ignition systems begin to operate, and the cycle proceeds to the next stage.
Step 5
3. Expansion.
Under the action of an electric spark or high pressure, the combustible mixture flares up and expands abruptly. Under the influence of a powerful impulse, the piston rushes down with tremendous acceleration. At the lowest point, the outlet valve opens and the final stage of the working cycle begins.
Step 6
4. Release.
The exhaust gases must be removed from the engine. This happens during the release phase. Exhaust gases are discharged into the environment through the opening exhaust valve and by the action of the rising piston. At this point, the working cycle ends. It all starts over.
