There are a variety of motors available that can operate on a single-phase AC network. They are divided into asynchronous with a magnetic shunt, capacitor, collector with series excitation.
Instructions
Step 1
Before connecting any motor, check that the mains voltage and frequency indicated on the motor nameplate or housing correspond to the mains voltage. All work on its connection, as well as on changing the circuit of its connection, should be carried out only with a de-energized circuit. In some cases, be wary of charged capacitors. Always use fuses.
Step 2
Connect the induction motor with magnetic shunt directly to the mains. It is impossible to change its direction of rotation. But some of these engines allow a change in speed. In particular, they are used in Chinese fans. This engine has three branches. By switching them, change its speed. Never connect two or more taps at the same time, as this will be equivalent to short-circuited turns in the winding.
Step 3
Some motors with a magnetic shunt are designed to change the speed in another way - using capacitors connected in series. Do not confuse them with capacitor motors, which will be discussed below. Use only the capacitors supplied. Since they are connected in series with the motor, they cannot be discharged through it after switching off. Therefore, be careful not to touch the conductors after turning off the power. It is very convenient to shunt such capacitors with resistors with a nominal value of about 1 MΩ and a power of at least 0.5 W. Remember, however, that such a resistor does not instantly discharge the capacitor.
Step 4
The capacitor motor has two windings. Connect one of them to the network directly, and the other through a capacitor, the capacity of which is indicated in the documentation. It must be on paper. The rated voltage of the capacitor must be 500 or 630 V. Some of these motors can be reversible by changing the way the capacitor is connected. These methods are different. Find out which one is suitable for your engine from the documentation. Do not confuse capacitor motors with three-phase motors. For them, operation from a single-phase network using a capacitor is an abnormal mode. When the load increases, a three-phase motor operating in this mode may burn out.
Step 5
A series-excited commutator motor has two brushes and a field winding. Connect one mains wire to one brush, the other brush to one of the leads of the field winding, and connect the remaining lead of this winding to another mains wire. In series with each of the mains wires, turn on a choke specially designed to suppress interference. It must be rated for a current no less than that consumed by the motor. Connect a special anti-interference capacitor in parallel with the mains wires. It must be designed to be directly connected to the network. Install it after both the fuse and the breaker - directly in front of the engine. If you place it in front of the switch, then after turning it off and then disconnecting the plug from the outlet, the voltage on it will be applied to its pins.
Step 6
Reverse the collector motor by de-energizing it and swapping the leads of the field winding. Never turn it on without load, otherwise it will develop a speed that is dangerous to itself.
