A car is a means of comfortable transportation, which is a complex device that consists of several interconnected units, main and additional systems and assemblies.
Car bearing elements
At the beginning of the development of the automotive industry, the assembly of all cars was carried out on the basis of a rigid frame. The frame served as the basis for fastening all mechanisms and the body, therefore it was called the carrier. Today, frame structures have remained mainly on trucks and on several types of male off-road vehicles. Now the assembly of cars is carried out on the basis of a monocoque body, which is the basic element intended for fastening all other elements and assemblies. A cozy and comfortable interior is created inside the body.
The first known drawings of a spring-driven car belong to Leonardo da Vinci, but neither a valid copy nor information about its existence has survived to this day.
Engine
An internal combustion engine is a unit that plays a major role in the ability of a car to move. It converts the chemical energy of the fuel that is burned in the working chamber of the engine into mechanical work, thanks to which the car is able to move. The main disadvantage of such an engine is considered to be the production of high powers only in a narrow range of revolutions. Some modern car models are increasingly using new hybrid and electric motors that can run on hydrocarbon fuels or electricity. But at the moment they cannot completely replace internal combustion engines, therefore the overwhelming majority of cars are equipped with internal combustion engines. The engine is lubricated by an oil system built directly into the engine.
Transmission
Transmission - a set of devices designed to transfer engine energy in the form of torque to the driving wheels. In cars, the transmission refers to a very important unit involved in the movement of the vehicle. There are mechanical and automatic transmissions. The choice of the transmission ratio, which determines the amount of torque on the driving wheels of the car, is determined by the purpose of the car, engine parameters and dynamic characteristics.
Suspension system
A car's suspension is a complex system of assemblies that includes levers, shock absorbers, springs, and pivot elements. Depending on the type of suspension, it can also consist of additional electrical or pneumatic elements. With the help of the suspension system, the wheels can be turned and effectively overcome all uneven road surfaces. The straight wheel holding is also ensured by the correct operation of this system. The suspension is responsible for the vehicle's road behavior and ride comfort.
Steering
The next main component of any vehicle directly connected to the suspension system is steering, which provides movement in the direction the driver needs. The main element of the steering system is the steering wheel, with the help of which the direction of movement of the vehicle is controlled.
Brake system
The braking system is included in the list of the main components of the vehicle. This system is controlled by the brake pedal, which, under the action of the driver's efforts, transfers the energy increased by the system to the brake pads.
Electrical system
The car's electrical system is also one of the main components of the car. It includes the engine starting system, battery, alternator and wiring. The electrical system of the car is responsible for the smooth start of the engine and the operation of all elements of the car that consume electricity.
Despite the wide variety of cars produced, three main parts can always be distinguished in their design: engine, chassis and body.
The description of the main systems and units should also be supplemented with heating, cooling, air conditioning and washing systems, elements and details that create additional comfort.
