Gasoline with a high octane number is produced in two ways: using complex technological operations, which increases the cost increase, and by adding antiknock additives. From 76 gasoline it is quite possible to get 92, from which fuel with an octane rating of 95 is easily made.
Necessary
antiknock substance
Instructions
Step 1
The most widely used is methyl tertiary butyl ether, which is a colorless flammable liquid with a specific odor. It is characterized by low toxicity, but has a high octane number. With the addition of 15% ether, the octane number increases by 12 units. Most gasolines are produced using just such an ester class additive. MTBE has a high volatility, due to which gasoline can evaporate in hot weather.
Step 2
Alcohol can also be added to the fuel to increase the octane number. The addition of 10% ethyl alcohol to the entire liquid allows changing AI-92 to AI-95, while reducing the toxicity of the exhaust gas. However, you should be careful when using alcohols, as they can cause the formation of special steam locks that disrupt the operation of the vehicle's fuel system. Moreover, ethyl alcohol is highly soluble in water, which requires the use of special fuel storage conditions and monitoring of the alcohol content. Failure to comply with storage conditions can cause water to form in the gasoline, resulting in increased fuel consumption and ice plugs in the fuel system in winter.
Step 3
One of the most effective antiknock agents is tetraethyl lead, which looks like a colorless liquid and has a boiling point of about 200 degrees. It is inexpensive and effective - at a concentration of 0.01%, the octane number can be increased by 3 points. Tetraethyl lead must be mixed with another substance that will remove lead oxides from the combustion chamber, which settle on the valves and pistons of the fuel system. However, when combined with ethyl bromide or dibropropane, the substance forms leaded gasoline, which has a very high toxicity. Inhalation of vapors from such gasoline causes the accumulation of lead in the body and is the cause of multiple sclerosis.
