It often happens that having bought an expensive car acoustics, you may not find crossovers in the box. It is impossible without them, because they properly divide the frequency ranges of the speakers and equalize them in terms of sound volume. Plus, tweeters connected directly to an amplifier will burn out very quickly. You can buy them in the store or make yourself.
It is necessary
- - soldering iron;
- - device for measuring inductance;
- - glue "Moment";
- - foil-clad fiberglass;
- - ferric chloride;
- - heat-shrink tubing;
- - silicone sealant.
Instructions
Step 1
First, check the specifications of the speakers you purchased. Pay attention to the low frequency of the tweeter and the response levels of the woofer and tweeter.
Step 2
Select the wiring diagram for the crossover. Give preference to 2nd order filters, as there is a strong boost in the frequency response in the mid-high frequencies in the interior of most cars. Tweeters switched on through a 1st order filter will strongly emphasize hissing sounds, and the woofers will produce an overly bright sound. When combined with the transfer characteristic of the car's interior, you get an overly bright and sibilant sound. The wider the interior of your car, the less this effect will be expressed.
Step 3
Once you've decided on your crossover circuit, wind up the inductors. It is better to wind the coils for the subwoofer from copper wire with a diameter of 1 mm, in varnish insulation. Use ferrite cores for making the coils. In addition to being smaller and lighter, you can reduce wire consumption and coil resistance. Monitor the resulting inductance with an inductance tester. When winding, lay the wire, turn to turn, and fix it with Moment glue.
Step 4
Based on the dimensions of the resulting coils and selected capacitors, as well as ceramic resistors, draw a printed circuit board on paper, and then transfer it to a sheet of foil-clad fiberglass. Drill holes for the electrodes of future parts, wires and etch the board in a solution of ferric chloride.
Step 5
Assemble the crossover boards according to the wiring diagram. Be sure to glue the inductors and capacitors to the board with Moment glue. This will allow the crossover to operate reliably for a long time in vibration or shaking conditions.
Step 6
Solder the speaker wires to the crossover. Be careful not to mix up the subwoofer and buzzer outputs, and observe the polarity. Fill the soldered wires with Moment glue. This will protect them from unnecessary movement at the soldering point and possible fractures.
Step 7
Make a test switch. Make sure that each speaker is receiving a signal from the appropriate crossover output.
Step 8
If necessary, connect a 4 ohm ceramic resistor in front of the high pass filters. Usually, the sensitivity of the tweeters is 3-6 dB higher than the sensitivity of the woofer, and as a result, the tweeter plays much louder.
Step 9
Wrap the finished crossover with a suitable sized heat shrink tubing and fill the edges with silicone sealant to keep dust and water out of the tubing material.
