Fuel pumps can be found today on all vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine. Very often, cars break down precisely because of a malfunction of the high pressure fuel pump, so it is important to know the principle of its operation and the "symptoms" of malfunctions.
Fuel pump operation
High pressure fuel pumps are installed on injection and diesel engines, where they provide operation of electric valves with a splitter (injectors), which inject fuel into the combustion chamber when it is supplied under high pressure. Most often, such devices are installed on the gas tanks of injection vehicles, diverting the fuel line from them to the injectors (through filters). High pressure fuel pumps are divided according to the type of operation into electrical and mechanical models.
The fuel pump starts up simultaneously with the engine, after which it works constantly, maintaining the required fuel pressure in the fuel system. The pressure readings depend on the pressure regulating valve - the stiffer it is, the higher it will be, but the characteristics of the pump itself also play an important role.
During engine operation, after the piston approaches TDC, the electronic system sends current to the injectors, which at the same time open and release fuel under high pressure. The amount of fuel discharged is regulated depending on the duration of the pulse, which is set by the electronics, based on the data of its sensors.
Malfunctions with the fuel pump
If the car starts to start badly, stall sharply and "fall through" at high speeds, it is necessary to diagnose the pressure in the fuel system. To do this, you need to use a special pressure gauge, measuring the indicators on the ramp. If the numbers turn out to be lower than the indicators specified in the instructions for the car, first of all you need to check all the fuel filters - if they are clogged, the fuel will not pass through them, and an enormous load will be given to the pump. With working filters, the cause of the problem may be a worn fuel pump, which must be replaced.
To check the high pressure fuel pump without a pressure gauge, you need to start the engine by turning it up to 2000-3000 rpm. At the same time, falling speed or uneven engine operation indicate a malfunction in the fuel pump. In addition, a pump that works well should be completely silent.
Also, the problem may be in the RTD valve, due to which there is no high fuel pressure in the system. Skillful car owners often tune their pumps, successfully reaching a higher pressure, but this creates an increased load on the unit, as a result of which its resource is sharply reduced.
