The cylinder is one of the main parts of an internal combustion engine, consisting of a liner and a jacket. There can be several cylinders, their total volume determines the total volume of the engine.
An automobile engine cylinder is a thick-walled tube. It is one of the main parts of a reciprocating internal combustion engine, which is the most common type of engine. The piston engine is used in various types of transport, agricultural and construction equipment, compressors, pumps, etc., in different piston engines there can be from 1 to 24 cylinders. In this case, the total volume of the engine is equal to the total volume of all cylinders. The cylinder consists of two parts: an inner (sleeve) and an outer (jacket). The liner is called the cylinder sliding surface and is cast from ductile iron or steel. The liner is called the cylinder bore and is very clean, and the liner is the outer part of the liner, which is usually made of the same material as the engine frame. When there is more than one cylinder, they are located in a single block in the engine, having a common casing space. In this case, the jackets of all cylinders are a whole cast and are called a cylinder block. During the operation of the engine, the products of combustion of fuel in a gaseous state enter the cylinder. These gases expand and their increasing thermal energy moves the piston, which is inserted into the cylinder. The movement of the piston, in turn, causes the crankshaft to rotate, the number of knees of which is usually the same as the number of cylinders. The complete engine cycle is a sequence of strokes, i.e. stages of the full movement of the piston from one extreme point to another. During operation, the engine is very hot, therefore, a cooling system is provided, which takes place in the jacket section of the cylinders. There are two types of piston engine cooling systems: 1. Air. Excess heat energy is emitted into a fast air stream through the ribbed cylinder jackets. 2. Liquid. For cooling, a special liquid is used, which passes through the cylinder jacket, and then goes into the cooling radiator, in which it is again cooled by the ventilation system. The coolant can be oil, water or antifreeze. The main characteristics of the piston engine cylinders: - the working volume is the volume that is released by the piston when it moves from the highest point to the lowest point; - the total volume is the volume of the space above the piston when it reaches the lowest position. The total volume is the sum of the working volume and the volume of the combustion chamber. The displacement of a multi-cylinder engine can be calculated as the product of the working volume and the number of cylinders.
