The Soviet and Russian off-road vehicle is a small-class SUV with a monocoque body and permanent all-wheel drive. Serially produced from April 5, 1977 to the present.
The history of the creation of the machine
It all started back in 1970, when the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Alexei Kosygin, within the framework of the program of “blurring the line between town and country”, set the teams of VAZ, AZLK and Izhmash to create a comfortable SUV for rural residents.
The first experimental VAZ-E2121 saw the light in 1971. Moreover, its appearance was very far from what we got used to for forty years. In fact, it was a chassis with the simplest empennage, on which the concept of a new car was worked out - the SUV did not have a frame, which at that time was considered an unheard-of design audacity. Initially, it was planned to equip the car with a powerful diesel engine, final drives, rear torsion bar suspension and even a tire pressure control system, but later they decided to create a simpler version with a high degree of unification with the models already produced by AvtoVAZ, which was economically justified. This prototype allowed the design bureau under the leadership of Pyotr Prusov to significantly reduce the time for creating the car.
In an appearance close to the serial, the VAZ-2121 appeared in 1972. The artist Valery Semushkin worked on the design of the new car. The car, as conceived by the designer, was supposed to suit the residents of both the city and the village.
In 1974, the car was put up for state tests and in the same year it received its own name "Niva", which was patented.
In addition to selling at home, "Niva" was actively promoted in foreign markets. For forty years, more than 500 thousand SUVs have been sent abroad. Unpretentious, but at the same time quite comfortable SUV attracted buyers in more than 100 countries of the world. Importers have actively re-equipped the car, making pickups, convertibles out of it, stylizing it according to fashion. In addition, the assembly of the model was established in Brazil, Greece, Canada, Panama, Chile, Ecuador.
In 1978, the VAZ-2121 was awarded a gold medal and recognized as the best car in its class at the international exhibition in Brno. There are a lot on the account of "Niva" and records.
So, in 1998, Niva climbed Everest on its own, to an altitude of 5200 meters, in the same year, being dropped with a parachute, it ended up in the Arctic and reached the North Pole on its own, and the next year climbed into the Himalayas to an altitude of 7260 meters. She also visited Fujiyama. The reliability of the car is also evidenced by the fact that the serial car was able to work without serious breakdowns for 15 years in Antarctica at the Bellingshausen station.
In 2001, the history of the VAZ-2121 as "Niva" ended. JV “GM-AvtoVAZ” became the owner of the exclusive license for the Niva trademark. But the history of the car itself continued and continues under the name LADA 4X4.
"Niva 21213": technical characteristics
VAZ-21213 and its modifications - off-road passenger cars. All wheels are constantly driving (non-disconnectable four-wheel drive), there is a center differential lock mode. The VAZ-21213 is equipped with a carburetor engine mod. 21213 with a working volume of 1.7 liters,
Body
All-metal, load-bearing, two-volume
Number of doors
Step 3
Number of seats (with rear seats folded)
4-5 (2)
Curb weight, kg
1210
Carrying capacity, kg
400
Full weight, kg
1610
Full load vehicle ground clearance
with a static radius of tires 315 mm (175 / 80R16) /
322 mm (696-16), not less, mm:
- to the cross member of the front suspension - 221/228
- to the rear axle beam - 213/220
Full mass of the towed trailer, kg
- not equipped with brakes - 400
- equipped with brakes - 1490
Smallest turning radius
on the trail of the outer front wheel, m = 5, 5
Maximum speed, km / h:
- with driver and passenger - 137
- with full load - 135
Acceleration time from zero to 100 km / h:
- with driver and passenger - 19
- with full load - 21
Maximum climb, overcome by the car
full load without acceleration in first gear = 58%
The braking distance of the vehicle during emergency braking with
permissible maximum weight at a speed of 80 km / h
on a horizontal section of a flat asphalt highway, no more, m:
- when using a working system - 40
- when using one of the circuits of the working system - 90
Fuel consumption * per 100 km of track no more, l:
- on the highway at a speed of 90 km / h in fifth gear - 8, 3
- on the highway at a speed of 120 km / h in fifth gear - 11, 5
- in the urban cycle - 10, 3
Engine
A type
Four-stroke
petrol
Number and arrangement of cylinders:
4, in a row
The order of the cylinders
1-3-4-2
cylinder diameter and piston stroke, mm
82x80
Working volume, l:
1, 69
Compression ratio
9, 3
Rated power according to GOST 14846-81 (net), kW (hp)
58, 0 (78, 9)
Crankshaft speed:
at rated power, min-1
5200
Maximum torque, Nm (kgcm) in accordance with GOST 14846-81
127 (12, 9)
Crankshaft speed
at maximum torque, min-1
3000
Minimum speed:
crankshaft at idle, min-1
- 750-800
Supply system:
With carburetor
Fuel:
Gasoline octane
92-95
Ignition system:
Contactless
Initial ignition timing, degree
1±1
Transmission
Clutch:
Single disc, dry, with diaphragm spring
Clutch engagement drive:
Hydraulic
Transmission:
Mechanical.
Five forward gears, one reverse.
All forward gears are synchronized
Gear ratios:
1st gear - 3, 67
2nd gear - 2, 10
3rd gear - 1, 36
4th gear - 1, 00
5th gear - 0.82
reverse - 3, 53
Transfer case
two-stage, with center differential
with forced blocking
Transfer case ratios:
- overdrive - 1, 2
- low gear - 2, 135
Intermediate shaft (from gearbox to transfer case):
With elastic coupling and hinge
equal angular velocities
Front and rear propeller shafts
(from transfer case to front and rear axles):
Tubular section, with two cardan joints
on needle bearings with grease nipples
Main gear (front and rear axles):
Conical, hypoid
Final drive ratio
3, 9
Front wheel drive:
Open shafts with constant velocity joints
Rear wheel drive:
Half shafts passing in the rear axle beam
Suspension, chassis:
Front suspension:
Independent, on wishbones, with coil springs, with telescopic hydraulic
shock absorbers and anti-roll bar.
Rear suspension:
Dependent (rigid beam), on four longitudinal and one transverse levers, with coil springs and telescopic hydraulic
shock absorbers
Steering
Steering gear:
Globoid worm
with double-ridged roller
Steering gear ratio:
16, 4
Steering drive:
Three-link: with one middle
and two side split rods;
with pendulum arm
Brake system
Service brake system:
Hydraulic, with vacuum booster, double-circuit
Front brake:
disc, unventilated, with movable support, three-piston
Rear brake:
Drum, with automatic clearance adjustment
between the pads and the drum
Parking brake:
Cable-operated rear brake pads
Electrical equipment
Electrical circuit:
Single-wire; negative conclusions - power supplies and consumers
connected to the "mass" - the body and the power unit
Rated voltage, V:
Step 12
Accumulator battery:
With a capacity of 55 A - h at a 20-hour discharge mode
Generator:
AC with built-in rectifier
and voltage regulator, maximum recoil current 55 A
at a rotor speed of 5000 min-1
Starter:
Direct current, with electromagnetic traction relay
and a freewheel. Power 1, 3 kW
Lada 21213: owner reviews
Judging by the numerous reviews, Vaz 21213 has many advantages, including:
- Good cross-country ability
- Cheap to operate.
- Sane fuel consumption
- Four-wheel drive
- Low price
- Reliability
- Simplicity
- Multifunctionality
- Comfortable and powerful SUV
- Roomy trunk
- Comfort
- Ease of management
There are also disadvantages:
- No air conditioner
- Frequent vibrations in the cabin
- Shaking
- weak engine
- High fuel consumption
- Expensive spare parts
