Car exhaust in the truest sense of the word poisons the lives of the world's population. Therefore, for decades, scientists and designers have been looking for ways to reduce exhaust toxicity. And a number of studies have already been applied in practice.
By and large, there are two ways to reduce the toxic emissions of a car. The first is the correct adjustment of the engine fuel system, timely repair of the connecting rod-piston group (replacement of piston rings, liners, cylinder block boring, etc.), as well as the use of cars that, in addition to a gasoline engine, also have an electric one. The second method consists in the use of catalysts - devices designed to neutralize toxic exhaust from gasoline and diesel engines. According to the location and principle of operation, 2 types of catalysts are used today.
Exhaust catalyst
The emission control device is installed between the exhaust manifold and the muffler. Purification occurs due to the passage of gases heated to a high temperature through the catalyst lattice, which is made by spraying precious metals (gold, platinum, palladium) on ceramics. Upon contact with them, harmful substances decompose into less toxic elements, or oxidize. The ceramic grate used in the device is equipped with a huge number of passages, which ensures the maximum area of contact with the exhaust gases. However, over time, the grate becomes clogged with non-combustible waste (oil, lead, etc.) and the effectiveness of the "filter" decreases. Therefore, it is not recommended to use such a catalyst on cars fueled with tetraethyl lead.
Fuel catalyst (KT)
This is another device that helps reduce the toxicity of gases. Its principle of operation is the preliminary treatment of the fuel pumped into the cylinders. This significantly increases the completeness of combustion and reduces the amount of harmful substances produced. That is, such a catalyst simply burns the exhaust mixture to obtain an environmentally friendly composition. At the same time, fuel consumption is reduced, the wear of engine elements is not so intense, - even the process of restoring the geometry of the friction surface in the cylinders is possible. All this increases the mileage of the car before the first overhaul. KT is mounted directly in the fuel supply system, where it "deals" with catalytic fuel preparation. Scientifically speaking, this device in a stepwise manner improves the quality of the molecular composition by saturating it with clad metal salts.
