A car battery consists of several packages of electrode plates, assembled in a single housing. Each package contains sequentially located plates of different charge, between which separators with electrolyte are placed. The positive and negative plates are connected to corresponding collectors with terminals for connection to the vehicle's power supply system.
As a source of energy in modern cars, rechargeable batteries are used, designed to supply power to the ignition system, external and internal lighting, as well as a number of other systems and devices installed on a car as standard or optionally. Structurally, the storage battery consists of separate storage elements placed in a single sealed case.
Body structure
The car battery case is made of polypropylene and consists of a base and a cover. The cover is fixed with special clips. There are safety valves on the casing cover for venting gas that can form as a result of chemical reactions caused by emergency situations. An emergency release of gas is necessary to equalize the pressure inside the housing to prevent the battery from exploding.
Composition and structure of the electrode package
The inner space of the case is divided into separate cells, each of which contains a package of metal plates, alternating depending on the polarity of the charge. In modern batteries, the plates are made of thin foil.
Positively charged plates are in contact with negatively charged ones, and the total area of the contact surface determines the maximum capacity of the battery. Depending on the material used for the plates and their coatings, lead, nickel-cadmium, lithium-polymer and other types of car batteries are distinguished. Most modern car models use lithium-ion batteries.
The contacting plates are separated from each other by separators, the cavities of which contain a reagent based on alkalis or acids. Each package of plates and separators placed between them is tightened with a band that prevents their mutual movements while the vehicle is moving.
Current collection device
Lead wires connected to the corresponding current collectors are soldered to the positively and negatively charged plates. The terminals are connected to the current collectors, with the help of which the battery is connected to the car's electrical system or to a charger.
Some models of car batteries may be equipped with a built-in inverter, which is designed to convert DC to AC, which is used to operate some car systems.
