A car engine is a complex system made up of many components, each with a different function. The control unit plays an important role in optimizing engine performance.
Instructions
Step 1
The engine control unit is the main structural element of the engine control system. It reads information from input sensors and processes it according to a certain algorithm, which makes it possible to effectively control various engine systems. Thanks to electronic regulation, the main parameters of the engine are optimized: power, fuel consumption, torque, gas composition, etc.
Step 2
The design of the electronic engine control unit includes both hardware and software. The hardware part consists of electronic components, the main of which is a microprocessor. It is this component that, using an analog-to-digital converter, converts the analog signals from the sensors into digital ones.
Step 3
The software of the electronic control unit includes functional and control computing modules. The functional module receives signals from sensors, processes them and generates a control action on the actuators. The control module checks the outgoing signals and corrects them if necessary, up to a complete stop of the engine.
Step 4
Modern control units are programmable electronic devices and can be manually configured by the user. The need for reprogramming arises when the engine design is changed (tuning), when a turbocharger, an intercooler, equipment for operation on various types of fuel, etc. are additionally installed in it.
Step 5
The electronic control unit performs different functions at different stages of engine operation. For example, when the ignition is turned on, it controls the fuel injection and adjusts the throttle position. During the active operation of the engine systems, the electronic control unit regulates the composition of exhaust gases, gasoline vapors, regulates the recirculation system and valve timing, and also monitors the temperature of the coolant.
Step 6
The control unit communicates with various electronic systems of the vehicle, including anti-lock braking system, automatic transmission, passive safety system, anti-theft system, climate control, etc. This exchange of information is carried out using a special CAN-bus, which combines individual control units.
