The reversibility of electromagnetic phenomena makes it possible to use some types of electric motors as generators. This makes it possible to build on their basis power plants with a foot, wind and other drive.
Instructions
Step 1
Use the permanent magnet commutator motor on the stator as a generator without any modifications. When its shaft is driven into rotation at a frequency close to the nominal, it will generate a constant voltage that is also close to the nominal. The polarity of this voltage depends on the direction in which the shaft is rotated. Use inductors and capacitors to filter the output voltage, that is, to remove self-inductance and arcing noise from it. Electrolytic capacitors can only be switched on with respect to the polarity, and if they are present in the filter, the generator can only be rotated in one direction corresponding to this polarity.
Step 2
A universal collector motor, which has electromagnets on the stator instead of permanent magnets, first alter a little: disconnect the terminals of the stator winding so that they are no longer connected to the brushes. Apply a constant voltage to this winding - first from the battery, which is charged from the same generator, and when voltage appears on the brushes, it will be possible to power the excitation winding from the generator itself. To prevent the battery from discharging through the generator when it is not rotating, use a reverse current relay (or a diode), and to prevent overcharging the battery, use a relay regulator. Both relays must be designed for the same voltage as the generator, and their switching circuits are given in the certificates for them or on their cases.
Step 3
The asynchronous electric motor, when the shaft is untwisted, will not switch to the generator mode, unless special measures are taken. Connect three non-polar capacitors to it so that the resonant frequency of each oscillatory circuit, made up of a winding and a capacitor, is equal to the synchronous frequency. Connect the capacitors as follows: the first is between phases A and B, the second is between phases B and C, the third is between phases A and C. The generated alternating voltage will also be three-phase.
Step 4
Stepper motors differ from all those listed above in that they need to be rotated at a low frequency. Connect two diodes to each of the terminals of such a motor: one with the cathode to the output and the anode to the minus of the filtering capacitor, and the other - the anode to the output and the cathode to the plus of the filtering capacitor. Thus, the total number of diodes will be twice the number of motor leads.
